Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

11.1K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
11.1K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

25.5K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
25.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.3K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
47.3K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.2K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.0K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.0K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Collective epithelial migration mediated by the unbinding of hexatic defects.

eLife·2026
Same author

Hidden order in active nematic defects.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Quasi-Long-Ranged Order in Two-Dimensional Active Liquid Crystals.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Homochirality in the Vicsek model: Fluctuations and potential implications for cellular flocks.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Confined cell migration along extracellular matrix space in vivo.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Lipid membranes supported by polydimethylsiloxane substrates with designed geometry.

Soft matter·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

15.1K

Dislocation screening in crystals with spherical topology.

Ireth García-Aguilar1, Piermarco Fonda1,2, Luca Giomi1

  • 1Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

Physical Review. E
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disclination defects in spherical crystals cause stress, leading to instability. This study develops a theory showing how dislocations (scars) can screen these defects, stabilizing larger crystals.

More Related Videos

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.5K
Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

14.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

15.1K
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.5K
Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

14.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Disclination defects are essential in spherical crystals (e.g., viral capsids) but cause significant elastic stress.
  • This stress can destabilize crystals that are large relative to their lattice spacing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a continuum theory for dislocation screening in closed two-dimensional crystals.
  • To understand how dislocations alleviate elastic stresses caused by disclinations.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the flux of dislocations (scars) as a scalar field.
  • Developing a continuum theory for genus-one closed crystals.

Main Results:

  • Elastic energy of crystals is a quadratic function of screened topological charge.
  • Predicts optimal dislocation density and minimal stretching energy for crystals.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides a framework for understanding defect behavior in curved crystals.
  • Dislocation screening is crucial for stabilizing large, spherical crystalline structures.