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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Plant extracellular matrix metalloproteinases.

Barry S Flinn1

  • 1The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, 150 Slayton Avenue, Danville, VA 24540, USA.

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Plant extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial for plant growth and stress responses. Further research is needed to fully understand their activity, function, and substrates in plants.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The plant extracellular matrix (ECM) is vital for growth, development, and defense.
  • Proteolytic modification of ECM proteins is essential, with mammalian matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) playing key roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on plant MMPs.
  • To highlight the need for further characterization of plant MMP activity, function, and substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant MMPs.
  • Discussion of genomic and proteomic methodologies for characterizing plant MMPs.

Main Results:

  • Plant MMPs share structural similarities with mammalian MMPs.
  • Plant MMPs are differentially expressed during growth, development, and stress responses.

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  • Limited studies suggest plant MMP involvement in growth, morphogenesis, senescence, and stress adaptation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Plant MMPs are important regulators of plant processes.
    • Comprehensive analysis of plant MMPs, their activity, and substrates is required to elucidate their roles.