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Pregnancy and burns: Guidelines for safe management
Hamid Karimi1, Shahnam Sedigh-Maroufi2, Hossein Akbari1
1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Summary
The total body surface area (TBSA) burned is the primary risk factor for maternal mortality in burn patients. TBSA burned and inhalation injury significantly increase the risk of fetal mortality.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Trauma Surgery
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Burns during pregnancy are rare, with limited established management protocols.
- Understanding risk factors for maternal and fetal mortality is crucial for improving outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of pregnancy in burn patients.
- To evaluate risk factors for maternal and fetal mortality.
- To provide evidence-based management recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 89 pregnant burn patients over 18 years.
- Data collection included demographics, burn severity (TBSA), injury location, and outcomes.
- Statistical analysis using univariate and multivariate regression models.
Main Results:
- Maternal mortality was significantly associated with TBSA burned (3.4% increased risk per % TBSA).
- Fetal mortality was linked to TBSA burned and inhalation injury (16-fold increase).
- Sepsis was the primary cause of maternal death, with common bacterial pathogens identified.
Conclusions:
- Total body surface area (TBSA) burned is the sole significant predictor of maternal mortality.
- TBSA burned and inhalation injury are key risk factors for fetal mortality.
- Management strategies should prioritize burn severity and inhalation injury in pregnant patients.
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