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Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: April 20, 2018
Leveraging innovative therapies with an evolving understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of penile squamous cell
Ali Hajiran1, Taylor Bracco1, Logan Zemp1
1Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
Abstract:
Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a rare condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in its advanced stages. In today's rapidly evolving field of oncology, physicians and scientists are learning to harness the power of genomics to drive innovative targeted, immunotherapeutic, and multimodal strategies across different cancer types; however, there remains a pressing need for a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways of penile carcinogenesis in order to help direct individualized therapy for patients with this disease. In this article, we will review our current understanding of some of the biologic mechanisms, including virally and nonvirally based pathways, which are thought to drive the development and progression of penile cancer.
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