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Updated: Dec 14, 2025
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Biobanking of Human Aqueous and Vitreous Liquid Biopsies for Molecular Analyses
Published on: September 11, 2023
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Metabolomic analysis in ophthalmology.
Neshe Nazifova-Tasinova1, Mladena Radeva2, Bistra Galunska1
1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria.
Summary
Metabolomic analysis offers promising biomarkers for ocular diseases like dry eye and glaucoma. Further research is needed to validate these metabolic biomarkers for early diagnosis and personalized treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Ophthalmology
- Genomics
Background:
- Modern science tracks phenotypic complexity using
- "omics" studies, including metabolomics.
- Metabolomic analysis measures metabolic responses to stimuli or genetic changes.
- Biomarker development is a key application for personalized diagnosis and understanding disease pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review metabolomic analysis and its applications in identifying biomarkers for ocular diseases.
- To highlight potential predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarker candidates for specific eye conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on metabolomic analysis in ophthalmology.
- Identification of metabolite classes and specific compounds associated with ocular diseases.
Main Results:
- Dry eye disease: potential biomarkers include lipid metabolites and androgens.
- Keratoconus: candidates involve cytokeratins, urea, citrate cycle, and oxidative stress metabolites.
- Glaucoma: palmitoylcarnitine, sphingolipids, vitamin D metabolites, and steroid precursors show potential.
- Diabetic retinopathy: dysregulated amino acid and carnitine metabolism are implicated.
Conclusions:
- Metabolic biomarkers hold significant potential for understanding ocular disease mechanisms, etiology, and pathophysiology.
- Further discovery and validation are crucial for clinical application and early intervention in eye diseases.
