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Pediatric nail disorders: a review.

Robert J Smith1,2, Adam I Rubin1,2,3

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Pediatric nail disorders, though uncommon, require clinical awareness for proper diagnosis and management. Early identification of conditions like onychomycosis and nail psoriasis is key to improving children's quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Onychology
  • Nail Disorders

Background:

  • Nail disorders are diverse, encompassing infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, congenital, and traumatic causes in children.
  • Common pediatric nail conditions include onychomycosis, onychomadesis, nail psoriasis, trachyonychia, longitudinal melanonychia, onychophagia, and onychocryptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance clinician familiarity with common pediatric nail conditions.
  • To review the background and treatment of prevalent pediatric onychological entities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common pediatric nail disorders.
  • Discussion of current and emerging treatment strategies.
  • Identification of factors necessitating systemic work-up or specialist referral.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric nail psoriasis may correlate with increased disease severity and psoriatic arthritis risk.
  • Benign nevi can mimic concerning melanoma findings in pediatric longitudinal melanonychia.
  • New approaches to laboratory monitoring for pediatric onychomycosis are emerging.
  • N-acetylcysteine is an emerging pharmacotherapy for onychophagia.

Conclusions:

  • Most pediatric nail disorders have a favorable prognosis but can impact quality of life.
  • Awareness of diverse nail conditions aids in timely diagnosis and optimal management.
  • Understanding specific nail disorders can guide systemic evaluation and specialist consultation.