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Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

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Published on: November 21, 2023

Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric viruses.

Fabian Schmidt¹, Yiska Weisblum¹, Frauke Muecksch¹

¹Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|July 22, 2020

Summary

New assays using surrogate viruses like HIV-1 and VSV can effectively measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody activity. These high-throughput methods assess immunity from infection or vaccination, aiding COVID-19 research.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Assay Development

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates rapid measurement of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.
Existing methods may not be high-throughput or convenient for evaluating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate surrogate virus assays for measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity.
To assess the utility of these assays for evaluating serologic immunity and antibody potency.

Main Methods:

Utilized SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped single-cycle replication-defective HIV-1 and VSV.
Employed a replication-competent VSV/SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus.
Correlated results with authentic SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays.

Main Results:

Surrogate virus assays demonstrated quantitative correlation with authentic SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.
Subtle differences in sensitivity were observed among different surrogate viruses.
Assays are adaptable to high-throughput screening.

Conclusions:

Developed surrogate virus assays are reliable tools for measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity.
These assays are valuable for assessing serologic immunity post-vaccination or infection.
Potency of convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies can be effectively evaluated.