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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Genetics
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • The genetic underpinnings of human cortical spatial patterning and structural variability remain incompletely understood.
  • Investigating genetic influences is crucial for comprehending brain development and individual differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the influence of genetic similarity on the spatial patterning of the human cortex.
  • To assess genetic control over cortical features at various spatial scales.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) data from twins, siblings, and unrelated subjects.
  • Application of diverse quantitative methods to measure cortical properties at multiple spatial resolutions.
  • Assessment of genetic similarity's impact on structural patterning.

Main Results:

  • Genetic effects significantly influence all assessed structural features across all spatial resolutions, with varying strengths.
  • Strong genetic effects were observed at whole-brain and hemisphere levels, diminishing at regional and vertex levels.
  • Cortical thickness and sulcal depth demonstrated strong genetic control; specific anterior-posterior and superior-inferior axes were identified as key developmental organizers.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a significant role in determining human cortical structure and its variability.
  • Developmental axes influence early hemispheric segregation, with genetic control varying by spatial scale.
  • While regional structural asymmetries are prominent, their genetic basis is relatively minor compared to overall structure.