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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
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Age-Specific Preferences for Infant-Directed Affective Intent.

Christine Kitamura1, Christa Lam1

  • 1MARCS Auditory Laboratories University of Western Sydney, Australia.

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
|July 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Infants

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Infant communication
  • Auditory perception

Background:

  • Infant-directed speech (IDS) utilizes distinct affective intents.
  • Mothers commonly use comforting tones (0-3 months), approving tones (6 months), and directive tones (9 months).
  • Understanding infants' preferences for these intents is crucial for early social-linguistic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in infants' attentional preferences for three types of infant-directed affective intent.
  • To determine if infants' preferences align with the age-specific usage of these intents by mothers.

Main Methods:

  • Three age groups of infants (3, 6, and 9 months) were tested.
  • Infants were exposed to three types of affective intent (comforting, approving, directive) in alternating sessions.

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  • A subset of 9-month-olds was re-tested with intonation-only stimuli to isolate acoustic features.

    • Main Results:

    • Infants showed a developmental shift in preferences: from comforting (3 months) to approving (6 months) to directive (9 months).
    • Specific age preferences: 3-month-olds preferred comforting; 6-month-olds preferred approving over directive.
    • 9-month-olds showed no preference with full speech but preferred directive over comforting with intonation-only stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • Infants' attentional preferences for affective intent in speech undergo significant developmental changes within the first year.
    • These shifts suggest infants adapt their auditory attention to match the evolving communicative functions of infant-directed speech.
    • Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between infant perception and the social-linguistic environment.