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Opposition-Defiance in the Second Year of Life: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Raymond H Baillargeon1, Gregory D Sward2, Kate Keenan3

  • 1Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of Ottawa.

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
|July 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Approximately 12.4% of toddlers exhibit frequent oppositional-defiant behaviors (ODBs). Early ODBs are strongly linked to physical aggression, but physically aggressive toddlers are a minority of those with significant opposition-defiance issues.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Frequent oppositional-defiant behaviors (ODBs) in toddlers are uncommon, suggesting potential underlying issues.
  • The "terrible twos" may mask significant opposition-defiance problems if behaviors are severe or frequent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Estimate the prevalence of frequent ODBs in the general toddler population.
  • Investigate gender differences in the frequency of ODBs among toddlers.
  • Examine the relationship between ODBs and physical aggression in early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from The Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a representative birth cohort.
  • Employed multigroup latent class analysis to differentiate frequency levels of ODBs.
  • Analyzed a cohort of 17-month-old boys and girls.

Main Results:

  • 12.4% of 17-month-old toddlers exhibited ODBs on a frequent basis.
  • A significant positive association was found between frequent opposition-defiance and physical aggression.
  • Most physically aggressive toddlers displayed frequent ODBs, while few toddlers with significant opposition-defiance problems were frequently physically aggressive.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent ODBs affect a notable minority of toddlers, warranting attention.
  • Early opposition-defiance and physical aggression are closely linked in toddlers.
  • Distinguishing between frequent ODBs and physical aggression is crucial for understanding early behavioral problems.

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