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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Healthcare-associated pneumonia: a prospective study in Spain.

F Arnaíz de Las Revillas, D Sousa, C Ardunay

  • 1María Carmen Fariñas. Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain. mcfarinas@humv.es.

Revista Espanola De Quimioterapia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Quimioterapia
|July 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) etiology was identified in only 28.3% of patients, with Streptococcus pneumoniae most common. Chronic respiratory disease patients had higher MRSA HCAP risk.

Keywords:
Healthcare-associated pneumoniaStreptococcus pneumoniaemethicillin resistant-Staphylococcus aureus

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) poses a significant clinical challenge.
  • Understanding the causative pathogens and patient factors is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological features of HCAP.
  • To identify factors associated with outcomes in patients with HCAP caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year prospective observational study was conducted in seven Spanish hospitals.
  • Patient data, including microbiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes, were collected.
  • Patients were categorized by causative pathogen and followed for 30 days post-discharge.

Main Results:

  • The etiology of HCAP was identified in 28.3% of 258 patients.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent pathogen (13.6%), followed by other microorganisms (11.6%) and MRSA (3.1%).
  • Patients with MRSA HCAP had a higher prevalence of previous antibiotic treatment (87.5%) and chronic respiratory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The etiological diagnosis of HCAP remains challenging, with a low identification rate.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of HCAP, but MRSA is also a significant pathogen, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
  • Pneumonia was the primary cause of death in hospitalized patients.