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Coronavirus Disease 2019: Coronaviruses and Kidney Injury

Wenchang Lv1, Min Wu1, Yuping Ren1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

The Journal of Urology
|July 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, can cause severe kidney injury. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 kidney damage mechanisms and potential urine-oral transmission is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019, posing a significant global health threat.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 are known to cause kidney injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and contrast the characteristics and mechanisms of kidney injury induced by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.
  • To emphasize the prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2-related kidney injury, including potential urine-oral transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed for English articles published since 2003 using keywords: SARS, MERS, COVID-19, kidney injury.
  • Inclusion of data from ClinicalTrials.gov and public health websites (CDC, ECDC).

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2, similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, causes severe respiratory syndrome and kidney injury.
  • Kidney damage is linked to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and local viral replication.
  • Infectious SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in urine, indicating a potential for urine-oral transmission.

Conclusions:

  • High prevalence of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients correlates with poor prognosis.
  • Understanding kidney injury mechanisms and transmission routes is vital for patient outcomes.
  • Effective prevention and management strategies for COVID-19-associated kidney injury are essential.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirusSARS virusacute kidney injury

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