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Surveys02:16

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Ethics in Research01:56

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Assessing research participant preferences for receiving study results.

Sarah Cook1, Stephanie Mayers1, Kathryn Goggins2

  • 1Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science
|July 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Research participants want to receive study results in engaging formats with choices for delivery timing and content. This highlights the need to treat participants as key stakeholders in research dissemination.

Keywords:
Dissemination approachesqualitative methodsresearch participantsresult disseminationreturn of research results

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Patient Engagement
  • Research Dissemination

Background:

  • Dissemination of research findings to participants is often overlooked.
  • Limited resources exist on best practices for informing research stakeholders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify participant preferences for receiving research results.
  • To evaluate participant reactions to different dissemination platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four focus groups with 37 diverse participants.
  • Participants were from a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded study.
  • Explored preferences for content, scope, and delivery methods of research results.

Main Results:

  • Participants desire both individual and aggregate results, along with study summaries.
  • Popular dissemination platforms include email, paper, and websites.
  • Participants emphasized a need for choice in timing, frequency, and format (written, video, graphics).

Conclusions:

  • Research participants actively prefer receiving study results in engaging, customizable formats.
  • Findings support establishing new standards that recognize participants as crucial stakeholders.
  • Effective dissemination enhances participant engagement and research impact.