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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Assays for Studying the Role of Vitronectin in Bacterial Adhesion and Serum Resistance
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Insight into vitronectin structural evolution on material surface chemistries: The mediation for cell adhesion.

Tianjie Li1,2, Lijing Hao1,2, Jiangyu Li3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.

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|July 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biomaterial surface chemistry influences vitronectin (Vn) adsorption and cell adhesion. Optimal RGD loop exposure for cell binding occurs on charged surfaces, guiding biomaterial design.

Keywords:
Cell adhesionMolecular dynamics simulationProtein adsorptionSurface chemistryVitronectin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Biomaterial surface chemistry critically impacts protein adsorption, influencing cell adhesion and tissue response.
  • Vitronectin (Vn) is a key extracellular matrix protein mediating cell interactions with biomaterials.
  • Understanding Vn adsorption dynamics at the molecular level is crucial for designing effective biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conformational and orientational changes of vitronectin during adsorption onto various self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces.
  • To elucidate the relationship between surface chemistry, Vn orientation, and cell adhesion.
  • To explore the role of Vn's somatomedin-B (SMB) domain and RGD motif in biomaterial interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental (protein adsorption, cell adhesion, gene expression) and computational (molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo) approaches.
  • Simulations focused on the Vn-SMB domain interacting with SAMs functionalized with -COOH, -NH2, -CH3, and -OH groups.
  • Analysis of Vn adsorption density, orientation, conformational changes, and RGD loop accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Vitronectin adsorption varied significantly across different surface chemistries, with higher amounts on negatively charged (COOH) and hydrophobic (CH3) surfaces.
  • Cell adhesion was observed on all Vn-coated surfaces, but mechanisms differed based on Vn conformation and orientation.
  • Advantageous RGD loop presentation for cell binding was achieved on charged surfaces (COOH, NH2), while hydrophobic surfaces (CH3) led to Vn flattening and multilayering with restrained RGD loops.

Conclusions:

  • Surface charge and chemistry dictate vitronectin's adsorption behavior, conformational state, and orientation.
  • Optimizing Vn orientation, particularly RGD loop accessibility, on charged surfaces is key for promoting effective cell adhesion.
  • These findings provide insights for designing advanced biomaterials with tailored cell-interactive properties.