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Pediatric contact allergy: A comparative study with adults.

Waranya Boonchai1, Chayada Chaiyabutr1, Norramon Charoenpipatsin1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

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Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis reactions are less common in children than adults, with similar top allergens. This suggests a unified baseline patch test series may be suitable for both age groups in Thailand.

Keywords:
allergic contact dermatitisatopic dermatitis, prevalencechildrenepidemiologypatch testpediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) incidence is rising globally.
  • Current pediatric patch test allergen series differ internationally.
  • Clarifying worldwide prevalence of pediatric allergic reactions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine contact allergy prevalence in Thai children via patch testing.
  • Identify common allergens and associated factors in pediatric patients.
  • Compare pediatric findings with adult patch test results.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of baseline series patch test results (2010-2019) for pediatric patients (<18 years).
  • Comparison with a control group of randomly selected, sex-matched adult patients.
  • Statistical comparison of allergy prevalence and allergen profiles between pediatric and adult cohorts.

Main Results:

  • 35.5% of 112 pediatric patients showed positive patch test reactions, lower than 56.6% in adults.
  • Top pediatric allergens: nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, methylisothiazolinone, fragrance mix II, carba mix.
  • Cosmetic allergen reactions were less frequent in children; top 10 allergens largely overlapped between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Positive patch test reactions are less prevalent in children compared to adults.
  • Pediatric and adult causative allergens are nearly identical, despite differing prevalence.
  • Recommends utilizing a consistent baseline patch test series for both children and adults in the region.