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Epigenetics and systemic sclerosis: An answer to disease onset and evolution?

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Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and microRNAs, are increasingly linked to systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis. Understanding these epigenetic changes in key cells is crucial for developing targeted SSc therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis involves complex epigenetic modifications.
  • Investigating epigenetics in SSc is challenging due to its dynamic and intricate regulatory nature.
  • Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes are key cell types implicated in SSc and are susceptible to epigenetic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature linking epigenetic factors to systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To discuss specific epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in SSc.
  • To highlight the role of microRNA changes in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes in SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic modifications in systemic sclerosis.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • Focus on microRNA alterations in endothelial cells, fibroblasts (FBs), and lymphocytes relevant to SSc.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence implicates epigenetic modifications in SSc pathogenesis.
  • Environmental signals interacting with genetic predisposition likely drive SSc epigenome alterations.
  • Specific epigenetic changes in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes contribute to SSc.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a significant factor in systemic sclerosis.
  • The epigenome represents a promising therapeutic target for SSc.
  • Further research into molecular mechanisms of epigenetic control in SSc is essential for effective treatment development.