Pediatric to Adult Transitions of Ketogenic Dietary Therapy for Epilepsy

Ketogenic therapy is now an accepted treatment for pediatric and adult patients with medically refractory epilepsy.^1-3 However, young adults treated with a ketogenic diet face unique challenges when transitioning to adult neurology providers.⁴ The variable acceptance of dietary therapy, paucity of nutritionists and adult neurology providers educated in dietary therapy, and lack of insurance coverage for dietary education may interfere with transition to adult care. In addition, patients in this life stage may just begin to independently seek medical care, cook meals, and manage medications, making strict dietary limitations difficult.⁴ In this worldwide study, we surveyed 191 pediatric and adult neurology providers who prescribe ketogenic dietary therapy for epilepsy. Our response rate was 39% with a total of 74 valid surveys received. Our goal was to identify perceived barriers that inhibit effective transition and successful continuation of dietary therapy during transition to adult care. We found that dietary therapy is a more accepted treatment of intractable epilepsy in children (84%) than adults (17%) in all geographic areas. Although half of pediatric neurology providers (50%) transition their young adult patients on dietary therapy to adult providers, only 23% have a documented transition plan or a formal transition protocol. Most (87%) pediatric providers who prescribe the ketogenic diet feel the lack of sufficient adult providers who prescribe dietary therapy as a barrier to transitioning adolescent and young adult patients.