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Published on: June 12, 2020
Early Childhood Shigellosis and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study with a
Eugene Merzon1,2, Yuval Gutbir3,4, Shlomo Vinker1,2
1Leumit HMO, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Background:
Although the short-term neurological complications of Shigella spp. are well described, potential neuropsychiatric outcomes have not been studied yet. We investigated the association between early childhood shigellosis and subsequent ADHD.
Methods:
This is a retrospective population-based cohort. Using a large Health Maintenance Organization database, the prevalence of ADHD was investigated among children aged 5-18 years who underwent stool culture prior to the age of 3 years.
Results:
Of 52,761 children with a stool culture examined, 5,269 (9.98%) had Shigella-positive results. The rate of ADHD was 10.6% and 8.6% among children with Shigella-positive and Shigella-negative stool cultures, respectively (p < .001). Adjusted odds ratio for ADHD after controlling for gender and socioeconomic status was 1.21 (CI 1.13-1.29, p < .001). The younger the child was during Shigella gastroenteritis, the higher was the association with ADHD (p < .001).
Conclusion:
Early childhood shigellosis is associated with an increased rate of long-term ADHD.
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