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The Effect of Structure on the Memory for Procedural Text.

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Procedural text structure impacts reader recall. List-like texts with diagrams improved recall more than narrative texts, especially after rereading, suggesting structural elements are key for learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Procedural text comprehension is optimal with moderate reader effort.
  • Text structure may influence processing effort and subsequent recall.
  • Diagrams and text format (narrative vs. list-like) are key structural elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of procedural text structure on recall.
  • To determine if diagrams enhance recall of procedural texts.
  • To compare recall performance for narrative versus list-like procedural texts.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-three participants read six procedural texts on constructing simple machines.
  • Texts varied in format: narrative vs. list-like.
  • Texts either included a diagram or lacked one.
  • Recall was assessed after single and repeated readings.

Main Results:

  • Rereading significantly improved recall for list-like procedural texts.
  • Rereading had minimal impact on recall for narrative procedural texts.
  • The presence or absence of diagrams did not show a significant effect in this study.

Conclusions:

  • List-like procedural texts may facilitate better recall than narrative texts, particularly with repeated exposure.
  • The elaboration hypothesis explains single-reading differences but not dual-reading recall disparities.
  • Further research is needed to understand why list-like structures enhance recall more than narrative ones after multiple readings.