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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Trained Immunity and Reactivity of Macrophages and Endothelial Cells.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2020
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Immune Response and Tissue Inflammation.

Lizhe Sun (孙李哲)1,2, Xiaofeng Yang (杨晓峰)2,3, Zuyi Yuan (袁祖贻)1

  • 1From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China (L.S., Z.Y.).

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|July 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic reprogramming significantly impacts immune cells during disease, altering energy production and epigenetics. This review explores these changes and discusses potential metabolic and epigenetic therapies for conditions like cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
immune responseinflammatory diseasemetabolic reprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Immune cells, both innate and adaptive, play crucial roles in human diseases.
  • Metabolic reprogramming is increasingly recognized as a key mediator of immune cell function during immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of metabolic regulation in immune cells under pathological conditions.
  • To characterize metabolic reprogramming and its functional implications in inflammatory and resolution responses.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic and epigenetic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an interactive biochemical and molecular model to analyze metabolic reprogramming.
  • Summarization of key features of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells during inflammation.
  • Review of current metabolic and epigenetic therapies, particularly in cardiovascular disease.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory stages involves altered energy production (increased glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation) and biosynthesis.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming includes enhanced histone acetylation and suppressed DNA methylation.
  • These metabolic and epigenetic shifts support immune cell defense, damage repair, and inflammatory modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming are fundamental to immune cell function in disease.
  • Targeting these pathways offers promising therapeutic avenues, especially for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Future therapies should focus on cell-specific metabolic and gene-targeted epigenetic alterations.