Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.2K
Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

149
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
149
Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

132
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
132
Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

1.4K
In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
1.4K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.5K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.5K
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

278
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
278

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prediction of inflammatory bowel disease recurrence risk based on multi-omics integration and machine learning models.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same author

Seal whisker-inspired fully printed MEMS flow sensor via micron-scale soft material additive manufacturing.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

The Role of Different Thoughts in Tacit Coordination and Its Malleability by Interventions.

Journal of cognition·2026
Same author

Propofol Attenuates Brain Ischemic Injury Through the Cannabinoid Type 1 (CB1) Receptor.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Green, Formaldehyde-Free Bio-Adhesive from Soybean Meal and Laccase-Oxidized Tannin via Quinone-Amine Crosslinking.

Polymers·2026
Same author

Dynamic chemical bond-driven sustained release of GDN-PLGA microspheres in injectable composite hydrogels for enhanced wound healing.

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)·2026
Same journal

Turbulent flow in a vortex separator with a directed pipe inlet.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Systematic characteristic evaluation of clay-based cementitious material derived from calcium carbide residue and waste tile powder.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Retraction Note: Improvement of a rapid diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against avian influenza H7 subtype virus using Europium nanoparticles.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Applying large language models to spam detection in the Kazakh low-resource language setting.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An open-source 3D printing system enabling in-situ freeze-thaw processing of hydrogels.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An enhanced EfficientNet framework for automated waste classification using cosine annealing and label smoothing.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
09:07

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

9.3K

Strategically influencing an uncertain future.

Alain Govaert1, Ming Cao2

  • 1Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands. alain.govaert@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|July 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Uncertainty in future outcomes impacts strategic decision-making in social dilemmas. Adjusting strategies to uncertainty levels is crucial for maintaining cooperation and limiting exploitation.

More Related Videos

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.6K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
09:07

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

9.3K
Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.6K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Decision Science
  • Game Theory
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Societal challenges necessitate long-term strategic decision-making.
  • Existing models of strategic decision-making often overlook uncertainty in future outcomes.
  • Uncertainty significantly influences how individuals value distant futures and make choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general framework for understanding decision-making under uncertainty regarding future outcomes.
  • To investigate how uncertainty affects time-inconsistent discounting and strategic influence in social dilemmas.
  • To determine how to strategically promote and sustain cooperation in uncertain future scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general theoretical framework integrating uncertainty, time-inconsistent discounting, and decision-making.
  • Analyzed deterministic limits to recover existing theories.
  • Investigated strategic influence possibilities under uncertain future valuations.

Main Results:

  • The framework recovers existing theories in deterministic limits.
  • New insights reveal how uncertainty impacts strategic influence.
  • Cooperation in social dilemmas requires adjusting generous and extortionate strategies based on uncertainty levels.
  • A "generosity gap" emerges during high-risk periods, hindering cooperation enforcement.
  • Uncertainty directly limits the scope for extortionate strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Strategic decision-making in social dilemmas must account for uncertainty in future outcomes.
  • Adjusting strategies to uncertainty levels is key to promoting cooperation and managing exploitation.
  • Findings have implications for policy design aimed at addressing long-term societal issues.
  • Provides a theoretical foundation for exploring collaborative decision-making in complex social dilemmas.