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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Cleavable comonomers enable degradable, recyclable thermoset plastics.

Peyton Shieh1, Wenxu Zhang1, Keith E L Husted1

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Researchers developed recyclable thermosets by incorporating cleavable bonds into polymer strands, not crosslinks. This innovation maintains material strength while enabling triggered degradation into usable, soluble products for enhanced sustainability in plastics.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science
  • Sustainable Polymers
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Thermosets are crucial industrial polymers with high performance due to crosslinking.
  • Their crosslinked structure limits degradability and recyclability, posing environmental challenges.
  • Current thermoset production is substantial, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer thermosets that retain mechanical properties but are degradable and recyclable.
  • To investigate the impact of cleavable bond placement on thermoset degradation.
  • To introduce a new class of recyclable thermosets for industrial application.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polydicyclopentadiene as a model thermoset system.
  • Incorporated a comonomer additive to selectively install cleavable bonds within polymer strands.
  • Compared materials with cleavable bonds in strands versus cleavable crosslinks.

Main Results:

  • Thermosets with cleavable bonds in strands exhibited native mechanical properties.
  • These materials underwent triggered, mild degradation into soluble products of controlled size.
  • Cleavable crosslinks did not yield degradable materials, even at higher concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Selective placement of cleavable bonds within polymer strands is key for thermoset degradability.
  • This design principle enables the creation of recyclable thermosets without compromising performance.
  • A new class of readily deployable recyclable thermosets has been developed.