Study of Liver Dysfunction in Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Hepatology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy, potentially leading to dehydration and metabolic disturbances.
• While often resolving without complications, HG can be associated with abnormal liver function tests (LFT).

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and patterns of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities in patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).
• To determine if LFT derangements in HG require specific interventions beyond standard anti-emetic treatment.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective analysis of 63 patients admitted for HG over 30 months was performed.
• Liver function tests (LFT) including total serum bilirubin (TSB), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) were analyzed.
• Statistical analysis included unpaired t-tests and simple linear regression.

Main Results:

• Over 60% of HG patients exhibited abnormal LFTs, with alanine transaminase (ALT) significantly higher than aspartate transaminase (AST).
• Mean TSB, AST, and ALT levels were within mild dysfunction ranges.
• No significant differences in LFTs were observed between primigravida and multigravida women.

Conclusions:

• Mild liver dysfunction is common in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and is often transient.
• In cases of clear HG diagnosis, abnormal LFTs typically do not necessitate additional medical intervention.
• Standard anti-emetic treatment is generally sufficient for managing HG and associated LFT changes.