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Eigenstate Thermalization and Disorder Averaging in Gravity.

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Resolving the black hole information paradox may not require quantum gravity details. Replica instantons and disorder averaging naturally emerge from typical microscopic states, explaining the unitary Page curve.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Gravity
  • Black Hole Physics
  • String Theory

Background:

  • The black hole information paradox questions the loss of information when matter falls into a black hole.
  • Recent theories propose that a unitary Page curve can be recovered by incorporating disorder-averaged replica instantons into the path integral.
  • The precise origin and emergence of these replica instantons remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the origin of replica instantons and disorder averaging in the context of the black hole information paradox.
  • To demonstrate how these elements naturally arise from a theory built upon typical microscopic states.
  • To connect replica instantons to a microcanonical description involving wormholes and Euclidean black holes.

Main Methods:

  • Developing an effective theory based on typical microscopic states.
  • Analyzing the emergence of replica instantons through a moment expansion of operators.
  • Establishing a microcanonical description using wormholes and Euclidean black holes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that replica instantons and disorder averaging naturally emerge from an effective theory of typical microscopic states.
  • Related replica instantons to a moment expansion of simple operators.
  • Found a microcanonical description for these phenomena in terms of wormholes and Euclidean black holes.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a clear origin for replica instantons and disorder averaging, crucial for understanding the black hole information paradox.
  • The findings offer a new perspective on black hole thermodynamics and quantum gravity by linking microscopic states to macroscopic observables.
  • This work bridges the gap between effective field theories and fundamental quantum gravity descriptions of black holes.