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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Collective Modes at a Disordered Quantum Phase Transition.

Martin Puschmann1, Jack Crewse1, José A Hoyos2

  • 1Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We investigated quantum phase transitions in disordered bosons. The Higgs mode remained localized, while the Goldstone mode delocalized, signaling a transition into the superfluid phase.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum many-body systems
  • Disordered systems

Background:

  • Understanding quantum phase transitions is crucial for condensed matter physics.
  • Disordered bosons exhibit complex behaviors, including superfluidity and insulating phases.
  • Collective excitations like Goldstone and Higgs modes provide insights into these phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of collective excitations near the superfluid-Mott glass quantum phase transition.
  • To understand the localization and delocalization dynamics of Goldstone and Higgs modes.
  • To explore the relationship between these excitations and many-body localization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced computational techniques, including Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Employing inhomogeneous quantum mean-field theory with Gaussian fluctuations.
  • Analyzing the properties of Goldstone (phase) and Higgs (amplitude) modes.

Main Results:

  • The Higgs mode was found to be strongly localized across all energy scales, resulting in a noncritical scalar response.
  • The lowest-energy Goldstone mode exhibited a distinct delocalization transition upon entering the superfluid phase.
  • These findings provide a detailed picture of excitation dynamics across the quantum phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • The contrasting behaviors of Higgs and Goldstone modes offer a unique signature of the superfluid-Mott glass transition.
  • The observed localization of the Higgs mode has significant implications for understanding energy transport and response in disordered systems.
  • Potential connections to many-body localization phenomena warrant further investigation.