Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Placebo Effect01:54

The Placebo Effect

6.7K
The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
6.7K
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

12.7K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
12.7K
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.3K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.3K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

3.7K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
3.7K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.3K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Multicenter Randomized Pragmatic Trial Comparing Intra-Articular Injection, Genicular Nerve Block, and Radiofrequency Ablation for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: SKOAP Phase 2 Protocol.

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Relationship between brain metabolites and chronic pain mechanisms in knee osteoarthritis pre- and post-total knee replacement.

Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Predictors of nurses' spiritual care competence: A replication study with Australian palliative care nurses.

Palliative & supportive care·2026
Same author

Research recommendations for the HEAL Initiative: A path forward for pain research.

The journal of pain·2026
Same author

Demographic patterns in quantitative sensory testing and clinical pain among former professional American-style football players.

Pain reports·2026
Same author

Temporal pathways between alexithymia, psychological distress, and pain: An autoregressive mediation analysis.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association·2026
Same journal

Efficacy and effectiveness of melatonin for the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo and active controlled trials.

Pain·2026
Same journal

Predictive socio-cultural factors of pain intensity, disability, and quality of life in patients with nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: a prospective cohort study.

Pain·2026
Same journal

Reward-induced endogenous pain inhibition scales with action-outcome certainty in humans.

Pain·2026
Same journal

Training alpha to treat pain: dissociable pathways to analgesia.

Pain·2026
Same journal

Neurophysiological and psychophysical mechanisms associated with immersive virtual reality-induced hypoalgesia: a systematic review.

Pain·2026
Same journal

Dissociable peripheral and central mechanisms of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition on pain- and depression-related behaviors in a rat model of neuropathic pain.

Pain·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

33.9K

Placebo hypoalgesia: racial differences.

Chika Okusogu1, Yang Wang1,2, Titilola Akintola1,2

  • 1Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Pain
|July 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White participants experienced greater placebo effects and pain relief conditioning compared to African American/black participants. These racial differences in placebo hypoalgesia were observed in both healthy individuals and those with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).

More Related Videos

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants
08:50

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants

Published on: December 14, 2014

9.6K
Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
07:12

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

33.9K
How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants
08:50

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants

Published on: December 14, 2014

9.6K
Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
07:12

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pain research
  • Clinical psychology
  • Medical sociology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on racial disparities in placebo hypoalgesic effects.
  • Understanding these disparities is crucial for equitable clinical research and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial differences in placebo hypoalgesia.
  • To examine the influence of race on conditioning strength and expectation of relief.
  • To explore the impact of experimenter-participant race and sex concordance on placebo effects.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 372 participants (186 with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and 186 healthy controls) were enrolled.
  • A classical conditioning paradigm with verbal suggestions was used to measure pain sensitivity and placebo effects.
  • Participants rated pain intensity using a visual analog scale after conditioning with temperature stimuli and colored screens.

Main Results:

  • White participants exhibited greater conditioning effects, expectation of relief, and placebo hypoalgesia than African American/black participants.
  • Racial effects on placebo were observed in TMD patients, though they were minor and short-lived.
  • Same-race experimenter-participant pairings enhanced placebo hypoalgesia in TMD patients, while different-sex pairings did so in healthy participants.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the largest to date examining racial effects on placebo hypoalgesia.
  • Racial disparities in placebo hypoalgesia exist and have implications for clinical trial design and patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these racial differences.