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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

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Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

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In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
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Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

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ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Spectrophotometric Methods for the Study of Eukaryotic Glycogen Metabolism
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Lucio Luzzatto1,2, Mwashungi Ally1, Rosario Notaro3

  • 1Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

Blood
|July 24, 2020
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Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a common inherited condition, causes red blood cell vulnerability to oxidative stress. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing severe hemolytic anemia, especially when triggered by certain foods or drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a prevalent X-linked enzymopathy affecting over 500 million people globally.
  • Inherited mutations in the G6PD gene lead to reduced enzyme activity, increasing red blood cell susceptibility to oxidative damage and hemolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic basis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches for G6PD deficiency.
  • To highlight the correlation between G6PD deficiency and malaria endemicity, and its implications for public health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on G6PD deficiency genetics, clinical presentations, and diagnostic tools.
  • Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations and epidemiological data.

Main Results:

  • Over 200 G6PD mutations are identified, with varying prevalence and clinical impact, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe hemolytic anemia.
  • G6PD deficiency is geographically linked to malaria-endemic regions, offering a selective advantage to heterozygotes against malaria mortality.
  • Effective management of acute hemolytic anemia relies on prompt diagnosis and avoidance of triggers like fava beans and certain medications.

Conclusions:

  • G6PD deficiency is a significant public health concern with diverse genetic underpinnings and clinical outcomes.
  • Accurate diagnostic methods, including point-of-care tests, are essential for managing G6PD deficiency, particularly in malaria-elimination programs.
  • Understanding G6PD deficiency is critical for personalized medicine and effective disease prevention strategies.