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Assessment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Sound Exposure Using a Smartphone Application.

Christine Capriolo1, Rose M Viscardi1, Karen A Broderick2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

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Summary

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) noise levels consistently exceed recommendations, regardless of design. A smartphone app helped identify modifiable environmental factors contributing to excessive sound exposure in NICUs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Environmental health
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are critical environments for vulnerable infants.
  • Excessive noise in NICUs can negatively impact neonatal development and well-being.
  • Understanding NICU design's role in sound exposure is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the impact of NICU design and environmental factors on neonatal sound exposures.
  • To evaluate the utility of a smartphone application for monitoring NICU noise levels.
  • To identify modifiable environmental factors contributing to excessive sound in NICUs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Decibel X smartphone application to record minimum, maximum, and peak decibel (dB) levels across three different NICU designs (single family room, hybrid pod/SFR, open pod).
  • Recorded the presence of noise sources within patient spaces over a 6-month period.
  • Analyzed data using statistical methods including Student's t-test and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Main Results:

  • All recorded sound levels in the three NICUs exceeded the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended <45 dB.
  • The open pod design NICU exhibited the highest maximum and peak decibel levels.
  • Conversations and music were significant contributors to increased sound exposure, varying between day and night shifts and NICU types.

Conclusions:

  • NICU sound exposure consistently exceeds AAP recommendations, influenced by design and environmental factors.
  • Smartphone applications can serve as effective tools for auditing NICU sound environments.
  • Quality improvement initiatives can leverage such tools to minimize environmental sound exposure and enhance neonatal care.