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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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MicroRNA expression in relation with clinical evolution of osteosarcoma.

Lucero Monterde-Cruz1, Eric G Ramírez-Salazar2, Genaro Rico-Martínez1

  • 1Department of Genetics, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Z. C. 14389 Mexico City, Mexico.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|July 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show potential as biomarkers for osteosarcoma, a common bone cancer. Specific miRNAs correlate with metastasis, aiding early diagnosis and treatment strategies for this challenging disease.

Keywords:
BiomarkersMetastasisOsteosarcomaTarget genesmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor.
  • Early diagnosis is hindered by a lack of specific biomarkers.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in various cancers, including osteosarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate miRNA expression profiles in osteosarcoma patients.
  • To identify potential miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and metastasis prediction.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) for miRNA expression analysis.
  • Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed miRNAs.
  • Pathway enrichment analysis and literature review.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchical clustering identified two patient clusters based on metastasis and relapse status.
  • Four key miRNAs (hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-355-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-1228-3p) were identified through pathway analysis.
  • hsa-miR-93-5p and hsa-miR-28-5p were significantly associated with metastasis development.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a role in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
  • Specific miRNAs show potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • Further research is needed to validate these miRNAs for clinical application in osteosarcoma.