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Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein: From Lipid Metabolism to Metabolic Diseases

Jahangir Iqbal1, Zainab Jahangir2, Ali Ahmed Al-Qarni3

  • 1King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. iqbalja@ngha.med.sa.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is crucial for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. This review explores MTP

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein essential for apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoprotein assembly and secretion.
  • Deficiency in MTP leads to abetalipoproteinemia, characterized by a lack of circulating apoB-lipoproteins.
  • MTP's functions extend beyond neutral lipid transfer to include cholesterol ester and CD1d biosynthesis, and potentially sphingolipid transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms of MTP in maintaining lipid and lipoprotein homeostasis.
  • To review MTP regulation in various pathophysiological conditions.
  • To provide an overview of potential therapeutic strategies targeting MTP for metabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MTP's function, regulation, and therapeutic targeting.
  • Analysis of studies on MTP in genetic disorders like abetalipoproteinemia.
  • Exploration of MTP's involvement in lipid biosynthesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • MTP facilitates the transfer of neutral lipids, cholesterol esters, and potentially sphingolipids to apoB.
  • MTP deregulation is implicated in various metabolic disorders.
  • MTP's multifaceted role in lipid metabolism is critical for overall metabolic health.

Conclusions:

  • MTP is a key regulator of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism with diverse functions.
  • Understanding MTP's regulation is vital for addressing metabolic diseases.
  • Targeting MTP activity or expression offers potential therapeutic avenues for metabolic disorders.
Keywords:
AtherosclerosisInsulin resistanceLipid metabolismLipoproteinsMTPMetabolic diseaseObesityType 2 diabetes

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