Syrian and Turkish children with cancer: a comparison on survival and associated factors

Cure rates of childhood cancer need to be improved in low-income countries and vulnerable populations such as refugees. We aimed to compare the outcome and associated factors in Syrian refugee and Turkish children with cancer treated at our hospital.Files of patients were reviewed for age, tumor type, stage, treatment, compliance to treatment, relapse or progression status, outcomes, secondary malignancy (SM) and treatment-related mortality (TRM). Overall (OS) and event-free survival rates (EFS) were analyzed.105 refugees and 304 Turkish children were treated between January 2012 and January 2019. Median age and median follow-up time were significantly lower in the Syrian group (p=0.046, p<0.001, respectively). Metastatic or advanced-stage disease was significantly more frequent in refugees (p=0.002). Relapse or progression and poor compliance to treatment were more common in refugees (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). Rates of OS were 55.7% and 69.7%, EFS were 28.9% and 55.7% in Syrian and Turkish patients. OS and EFS were lower in refugees compared to Turkish patients (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). EFS was significantly lower in refugees with poor compliance to treatment (p<0.001). TRM was reported in 12 (8 Syrian, 4 Turkish) patients. SM was detected in 3 (2 Turkish, 1 Syrian) children.Inferior survival rates were detected in Syrian refugee children compared to Turkish children. Besides from cancer-specific factors such as stage and tumor type, a series of barriers in accessing cancer care resulting in poor compliance to treatment might have been responsible from lower survival rates in Syrian children.