Oro-facial manifestations of HIV infections

Oral manifestations in HIV infected individuals are common and may occur as mycotic, bacterial or viral infections neoplasms or manifestations of unknown etiology. Some of the oral manifestations may be of importance in early diagnosis of HIV infection. In particular, oral candidiasis occurring as pseudomembranous, erythematous and hyperplastic types should be considered. Oral hairy leukoplakia, pathognomonic for an HIV infection, has been considered to represent a probable diagnostic marker for the development of AIDS. HIV gingivitis and periodontitis are of particular significance. Early and correct diagnosis of HIV-associated manifestations are of importance to the patient as well as to the dentist who should take adequate protection measures.