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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I01:21

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care.
Physicians
The physician's primary responsibility is to diagnose illness and direct the medical or surgical treatment of the condition. The authority to admit patients to a healthcare agency or institution and practice care within that setting is granted to physicians by the healthcare agency or institution...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Dementia Unspecified: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Amy Newhouse1,2,3,4, Karen Buch4,5, Zeina Chemali2,4,6

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, WAC 812, 15 Parkman St, Boston, MA 02114. anewhouse@mgh.harvard.edu.

The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
|July 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights an early onset dementia in a 47-year-old man that remained undiagnosed despite extensive workup. It underscores the challenges in diagnosing atypical neurocognitive disorders and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Early onset cognitive impairment requires thorough investigation for diagnosis, reversible causes, and prognosis.
  • While early onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia are recognized, atypical presentations pose diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old man presented with cognitive impairment at age 47, exhibiting executive dysfunction, apathy, and gait disturbance.
  • His medical history included hyperlipidemia, hypogonadism, Lyme disease, anxiety, and attention-deficit disorder.
  • Despite 20 years of workup and treatment attempts, his neurocognitive decline was progressive and indolent, ruling out known neurodegenerative causes.

Findings:

  • The patient's presentation was consistent with early onset atypical parkinsonism with dementia of unspecified etiology.
  • Exhaustive medical evaluations failed to establish a definitive diagnosis, illustrating the complexity of some neurocognitive disorders.

Implications:

  • This case emphasizes the diagnostic difficulties encountered with atypical early onset dementias.
  • It highlights the value of multidisciplinary collaboration among specialists, even when a precise diagnosis remains elusive.
  • The article addresses the common yet underreported scenario of diagnostically unclear neurocognitive decline across medical specialties.