Cancer Mortality Trends in Spain (2000-2016): Differences between Immigrant and Native Populations

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Demography
• Public Health

Background:

• Spain's demographic landscape has shifted due to immigration, altering the epidemiological profile.
• Understanding cancer mortality trends in diverse populations is crucial for public health planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze and compare cancer mortality trends between native and immigrant populations in Spain from 2000 to 2016.
• To identify specific trends and differences in cancer mortality based on region of origin.

Main Methods:

• Ecological study design analyzing trends over time.
• Calculation of age-standardized rates (ASR) and annual percentage change (APC) for cancer mortality.
• Comparison of trends between native Spaniards and immigrants, and across different sub-periods and immigrant regions.

Main Results:

• Significant decreases in age-standardized cancer mortality rates (ASR) were observed for both native and immigrant populations (men and women).
• An increase in ASR was noted in the immigrant population during 2014-2016 compared to 2011-2013, driven by immigrants from European regions.
• Identified variations in ASR trends and magnitudes by cancer type and immigrant region of birth.

Conclusions:

• While overall cancer mortality has decreased, the recent upward trend in specific immigrant groups highlights evolving public health challenges.
• The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring of cancer mortality indicators in Spain's changing demographic context.
• Tailored public health interventions may be necessary for immigrant populations based on their region of origin and specific cancer risks.