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Gastrointestinal infection with Aeromonas: incidence and relationship to inflammatory bowel disease
Ainara Elorza1, Iago Rodríguez-Lago2, Patricia Martínez3
1Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, España.
Introduction:
Aeromonas can cause several diseases in humans, with gastroenteritis accounting for most cases. The role of Aeromonas as a pathogen in human enterocolitis has been questioned in recent years.
Objective:
To determine the incidence of gastrointestinal infection caused by Aeromonas in our area and its possible relationship to inflammatory bowel disease.
Patients And Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study. All adult patients with a positive stool culture for Aeromonas were identified between January 2015 and December 2017 at Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo (Vizcaya, Spain).
Results:
Ninety-eight patients were identified (median age 62 years; 51% women). Therefore, the incidence in our area was 32 cases per 105 inhabitants per year. Eleven per cent of them had been previously diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (four with ulcerative colitis and seven with Crohn's disease). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease more often received immunosuppressive therapy. Conversely, patients without inflammatory bowel disease suffered from more comorbidities. We also found comorbidity to be the risk factor most associated with Aeromonas infection.
Conclusion:
Aeromonas infection is a common gastrointestinal infection that may occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppression is a significant factor in inflammatory bowel disease patients, while comorbidity seems to confer a higher risk on patients without this disease.
Insights
Aeromonas gastrointestinal infections are common, affecting both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Comorbidity is a significant risk factor, especially in those without inflammatory bowel disease.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Aeromonas bacteria are known causes of human diseases, primarily gastroenteritis.
- Recent research has questioned the role of Aeromonas in causing human enterocolitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence of Aeromonas gastrointestinal infections in a specific region.
- To explore the potential association between Aeromonas infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective observational study was conducted.
- Adult patients with positive stool cultures for Aeromonas were identified from January 2015 to December 2017.
- Data were collected from Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo in Vizcaya, Spain.
Main Results:
- The incidence of Aeromonas infection was determined to be 32 cases per 10^5 inhabitants annually.
- Eleven percent of infected patients had a prior diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
- Comorbidity was identified as the primary risk factor for Aeromonas infection, particularly in patients without IBD, while immunosuppressive therapy was more common in IBD patients.
Conclusions:
- Aeromonas infection represents a frequent gastrointestinal illness.
- Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals can be affected.
- While immunosuppression is a key factor for IBD patients, comorbidity presents a higher risk for non-IBD patients.
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