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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
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Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Accommodative anomalies in children.

Yogesh Shukla1

  • 1Rajasthan Nursing Home and Eye Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Childhood eye strain from near work is increasing due to digital devices. Many issues stem from accommodation deficiencies, requiring clinical study and treatment for symptom relief.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Visual Science

Background:

  • Asthenopic (eye strain) symptoms are prevalent in school-aged children, exacerbated by increased near work with digital devices.
  • Despite corrective lenses and reduced screen time, many children continue to experience discomfort from near work.
  • Research indicates that underlying accommodation deficiencies are a primary cause of these persistent symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical aspects of accommodation deficiencies in children experiencing asthenopic symptoms.
  • To highlight the need for early detection and targeted treatment of visual function deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of visual functions in children presenting with near work-related complaints.
  • Evaluation of accommodation parameters and their correlation with reported symptoms.
Keywords:
Accommodative therapyamplitude of accommodationasthenopiafacility of accommodationflipper testsinsufficiency of accommodation

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  • Review of existing literature on childhood asthenopia and visual performance.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant proportion of persistent asthenopic symptoms in children are linked to underlying defects in the accommodative system.
    • Accommodation deficiencies can manifest even in young children, often overlooked by standard eye examinations.
    • Standard spectacle correction may not fully address symptoms if the root cause is accommodative insufficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Accommodation deficiencies are a critical, often underestimated, factor contributing to childhood asthenopia.
    • Clinical evaluation and management of accommodation are essential for effectively treating eye strain in children.
    • Further research and clinical attention to accommodative function are needed to alleviate visual discomfort in pediatric populations.