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Prevalence of Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions in Pediatric Patients Receiving Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab

Bryan Corbett1, Jenna Otter2, Clifford P Masom3

  • 1Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 West Arbor Drive #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA. bcorbett@health.ucsd.edu.

Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
|July 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Acute hypersensitivity reactions to Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (CPIF) were not observed in pediatric patients. This study indicates that such adverse events are rare in children treated for snakebites.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Toxicology
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Acute hypersensitivity reactions to Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (CPIF) pose a challenge in pediatric populations due to variations in patient size, age, and reaction definitions.
  • Understanding the incidence of these reactions is crucial for safe and effective treatment of Crotalid envenomation in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the occurrence of acute hypersensitivity reactions following CPIF administration in pediatric patients.
  • To define and assess the incidence of specific hypersensitivity symptoms within a defined timeframe after CPIF initiation.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients (≤13 years) treated with CPIF for Crotalid envenomation between November 2006 and 2016.
  • Data collected included demographics, CPIF dosage, bite details, ICU admission, length of stay, and the presence of hypersensitivity symptoms (urticaria, respiratory distress, angioedema, hypotension, nausea, vomiting) within 3 hours of infusion.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-four pediatric patients received CPIF, with ages ranging from 10 months to 13 years.
  • No patients in this cohort developed acute hypersensitivity reactions to CPIF.
  • The majority of patients (70.6%) required intensive care unit admission, with a median hospital stay of 2 days.

Conclusions:

  • Acute hypersensitivity reactions to CPIF were not observed in this cohort of pediatric patients.
  • The findings suggest that CPIF is well-tolerated in children, with hypersensitivity reactions being a rare occurrence.
Abstract

Keywords:
AntivenomCrotalidHypersensitivity reactionPediatric

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