Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 13, 2025
10:48
Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
Published on: April 12, 2015
10.4K
H/ACA snoRNA levels are regulated during stem cell differentiation
Kathleen L McCann1, Sanam L Kavari1, Adam B Burkholder1
1Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Nucleic Acids Research
|July 26, 2020
Summary
H/ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are cell-type specific and regulated during differentiation. Their dynamic changes fine-tune ribosome function by altering RNA pseudouridylation.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- RNA Biology
- Cellular Differentiation
Background:
- H/ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are crucial components of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs) that guide RNA pseudouridylation.
- While H/ACA snoRNA disruption affects stem cell pluripotency, their precise role in cellular differentiation remains largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic changes in H/ACA snoRNA abundance during cellular differentiation.
- To identify specific H/ACA snoRNAs regulated during differentiation processes.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive profiling of H/ACA snoRNA abundance across various murine cell types.
- Analysis of H/ACA snoRNA expression during differentiation in three distinct cellular models, including mouse embryonic stem cells and myoblasts.
- Assessing pseudouridylation levels of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) target sites.
Main Results:
- H/ACA snoRNA expression profiles are cell-type specific.
- A subset of H/ACA snoRNAs exhibited regulated abundance during differentiation.
- Decreased Snora27 levels correlated with reduced pseudouridylation in the 28S rRNA E-site transfer RNA (tRNA) binding region.
Conclusions:
- H/ACA snoRNA abundance is dynamically regulated during cellular differentiation in a cell-type specific manner.
- Specific H/ACA snoRNAs, like Snora27, are involved in modulating pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA during differentiation.
- These findings suggest a model where regulated H/ACA snoRNAs fine-tune ribosome function through altered pseudouridylation during differentiation.
Related Concept Videos
01:01Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.7K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.7K
01:19Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.7K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.7K
01:14Maintenance of the ES Cell State
2.6K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.6K
01:26Stem Cell Niche
6.0K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
6.0K
01:12Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.3K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.3K
01:32Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
2.1K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.1K