Anticoagulant Medications and Operative Subdural Hematomas: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating Reoperation Rates

Anticoagulant therapy is common and complicates the operative management of acute and mixed-density subdural hematomas (SDHs). The risk of reoperation inferred by anticoagulant (AC) medication and the ability of reversal agents to reduce hemorrhagic complications in patients presenting with AC-associated SDHs are not fully understood.

Data were collected for 288 consecutive patients treated with craniotomy or craniectomy for evacuation of an acute or mixed-density SDH between 2012 and 2017 at 2 academic institutions. Primary end points were reoperation within 30 days and functional outcome at discharge. Groups were compared based on AC use. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of reoperation and functional outcome at discharge.

Forty-six patients on ACs and 242 with no AC history were analyzed. All patients on AC underwent AC reversal before hematoma evacuation. Reoperation rates between groups were not significantly different (10.9% vs. 12.4%; P = 1.00); however, time to reoperation was significantly shorter in those on ACs (0.8 ± 1.1 days vs. 6.8 ± 10.4 days; P = 0.04). Aspirin use was independently associated with the need for reoperation (odds ratio, 3.05; confidence interval, 1.30-7.19; P = 0.01). Patients taking ACs were significantly older, had more medical comorbidities and were more likely to have a higher modified Rankin Scale score at discharge.

Anticoagulant use was not associated with an increased reoperation rate, suggesting that reversal of AC may have eliminated the hemorrhagic risk conferred by these medications. Patients on ACs were significantly older, harbored more medical comorbidities, and had a worse functional outcome at discharge.