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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.7K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Comparison of two olfactory tests in young children: A study of crayon sniffing (C-Sniff) and short U-Sniff (qU-Sniff).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Odor identification performance in children aged 3-6 years.

Valentin A Schriever1, Liesa Zscheile2, Janine Gellrich2

  • 1Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany. valentin.schriever@universitätsklinikum-dresden.de.

Pediatric Research
|July 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The U-Sniff odor identification test is reliable and valid for children aged 4 and older, aiding in diagnosing olfactory dysfunction. This olfactory testing method is feasible for children as young as 3 years old.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Olfactory testing has lacked systematic evaluation in children under 5 years old.
  • Existing olfactory tests are validated for children over 5 years.
  • Young children's olfactory function assessment requires reliable tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability and validity of the U-Sniff odor identification test in children aged 3-6 years.
  • To determine the feasibility of olfactory testing in preschool-aged children.
  • To assess the U-Sniff test's ability to differentiate between healthy children and those with anosmia.

Main Methods:

  • 160 healthy children (3-6 years) and 14 congenitally anosmic children participated.
  • Two identical testing sessions were conducted using the U-Sniff test.
  • Picture Identification Test (PIT) and Kasel-Concentration-Task (KKA) were used to assess influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Older children (≥4 years) showed significantly better odor identification scores.
  • U-Sniff demonstrated high test-retest reliability (r=0.75).
  • The test accurately distinguished anosmic from healthy children (79-95% sensitivity, 88-95% specificity) from age 4.

Conclusions:

  • The U-Sniff test is a feasible olfactory assessment tool for children aged 3 and up.
  • For children aged 4 years and older, U-Sniff is a reliable and valid method for diagnosing anosmia.
  • This study provides crucial data for clinical diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction in young children.