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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Abdominal Aorta01:25

Abdominal Aorta

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Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery
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Superior rectal artery embolization for bleeding internal hemorrhoids.

X Han1, F Xia2, G Chen1

  • 1Department of Interventional Medicine and Vascular, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China.

Techniques in Coloproctology
|July 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superselective embolization of the superior rectal artery (SRA) effectively treats internal hemorrhoidal bleeding in stages II-III. This minimally invasive procedure offers a safe and feasible alternative for patients with hemorrhoids.

Keywords:
AngiographyEmbolizationHemorrhoidsInterventionSuperior rectal artery

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Internal hemorrhoids, particularly stages II and III, can cause significant bleeding.
  • Conventional treatments may have limitations or contraindications for some patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of superselective embolization of the superior rectal artery (SRA) for treating internal hemorrhoidal bleeding.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective evaluation of 32 patients (stages II-III internal hemorrhoids) treated with SRA embolization between January 2017 and June 2019.
  • Embolization utilized gelatin sponge particles and metallic coils, guided by a multidisciplinary team.
  • Outcomes assessed included efficacy, complications, and follow-up results.

Main Results:

  • Successful embolization in all patients, with bleeding resolved in 84.4%.
  • Common side effects included pain, low fever, and tenesmus, all resolving spontaneously.
  • No serious complications like infection or ischemia occurred; rebleeding in 14.8% was successfully managed with repeat embolization.

Conclusions:

  • Superselective SRA embolization demonstrates good short-term efficacy for grade II-III internal hemorrhoids.
  • The procedure is safe and feasible, offering a viable treatment option.
  • Further follow-up confirmed sustained positive outcomes.