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Related Concept Videos

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
2.0K
Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Determining Viral Disinfection Efficacy of Hot Water Laundering
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Material Suitability Testing for Nonmedical Grade Community Face Masks to Decrease Viral Transmission During a

Csanad Varallyay1, Ningcheng Peter Li1, Brendan Case1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
|July 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyester felt offers superior filtration for homemade masks compared to cotton or surgical masks. Layering fabrics increases filtration and airflow resistance, aiding community viral transmission reduction.

Keywords:
communicable diseasesemergency preparednessinfection controloccupational exposurepandemics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Public Health
  • Textile Engineering

Background:

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends cloth face coverings to reduce community viral spread.
  • Homemade masks are a common alternative, necessitating data on material performance.
  • Understanding filtration efficiency and airflow resistance is crucial for effective mask design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the filtration efficiency and airflow resistance of household fabrics for homemade masks.
  • To compare the performance of various fabrics, layer counts, and post-wash conditions.
  • To provide data for optimizing homemade mask design for viral transmission reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Tested filtration efficiency and airflow resistance of woven, knitted, and nonwoven household fabrics.
  • Evaluated masks with 1, 2, and 4 layers of fabric.
  • Calculated filtration performance index, comparing airflow resistance and filtration efficiency.
  • Assessed the impact of washing and drying on fabric performance.

Main Results:

  • Increased fabric layers significantly improved both filtration efficiency and airflow resistance.
  • Polyester felt exhibited the highest filtration performance index, surpassing 100% cotton and surgical masks.
  • Washing and drying did not significantly impact the filtration performance of the tested materials.

Conclusions:

  • Polyester felt demonstrates superior filtration capabilities among common household materials for mask production.
  • Layering is an effective strategy to enhance mask filtration and airflow resistance.
  • This research provides valuable data for designing more effective homemade masks to mitigate viral transmission.