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The fundamental: Ungrounded or all-grounding?

Stephan Leuenberger1

  • 1Philosophy, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK.

Philosophical Studies
|July 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study challenges the principle that everything is either fully grounded or not partially grounded, revealing two distinct concepts of fundamentality in metaphysics. This finding impacts our understanding of reality

Area of Science:

  • Metaphysics
  • Ontology
  • Philosophy of Language

Background:

  • Fundamentality is crucial for understanding ontology, supervenience, and possibility.
  • Two characterizations of fundamentality exist: that which is not grounded and that which grounds all else.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the two characterizations of fundamentality converge.
  • To examine the principle of 'Dichotomy' in the theory of ground.
  • To explore the metaphysical consequences of rejecting Dichotomy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the principle 'Dichotomy': everything is either fully grounded or not even partially grounded.
  • Argument against Dichotomy, demonstrating cases where partial grounds cannot be complemented to a full ground.
  • Examination of truthmaker semantics as a non-standard account of partial ground.
Keywords:
FundamentalityGroundingHumeanismTruthmaker semantics

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Main Results:

  • Dichotomy fails: some facts possess partial grounds that cannot be completed to a full ground.
  • The failure of Dichotomy supports a bifurcation in the concept of fundamentality.
  • The standard account of partial ground, which entails Dichotomy, is insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Rejecting Dichotomy allows for a nuanced understanding of fundamentality.
  • This bifurcation has significant implications for metaphysical theories like Humeanism.
  • Truthmaker semantics provides an alternative framework for understanding partial grounding.