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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Evaluation of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Wrist Wearables to Estimate Stress on Students
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Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Decompression-Induced Physiological Stress.

Sergio Rhein Schirato1, Ingrid El-Dash1, Vivian El-Dash1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Physiology
|July 28, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can estimate physiological stress from hyperbaric exposure. Decreased HRV correlated with increased inflammatory markers and circulating microparticles post-decompression.

Keywords:
decompressiondecompression profilesdecompression sicknessendothelial functionheart rate variabilityhyperbaric environmentsimmune systeminflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hyperbaric environments and decompression induce physiological stress.
  • Understanding stress markers is crucial for diver safety and performance.
  • Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a non-invasive indicator of autonomic nervous system function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate decompression-induced physiological stress markers with HRV changes.
  • To evaluate HRV's potential in estimating stress from hyperbaric exposure and decompression.
  • To identify specific inflammatory and immune markers related to physiological stress.

Main Methods:

  • 28 volunteers underwent experimental hyperbaric protocols.
  • Electrocardiograms (ECG) and blood samples were collected pre- and post-exposure.
  • Assessed circulating microparticles (MPs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and immune cell counts via Flow Cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Negative correlation found between HRV metrics (SDNN, HF) and total circulating microparticles (p=0.03, p=0.02).
  • The ratio of microparticle variation negatively correlated with SDNN (p=0.01).
  • A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN) model accurately predicted HRV variation using inflammatory markers (RMSE=0.06).

Conclusions:

  • HRV serves as a viable indicator for physiological stress following hyperbaric decompression.
  • Inflammatory markers and circulating microparticles are key contributors to decompression-induced stress.
  • HRV monitoring combined with inflammatory marker analysis can enhance physiological stress assessment in hyperbaric medicine.