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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

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Cannabis and the Developing Adolescent Brain.

Adina S Fischer1, Susan F Tapert2, Dexter Lee Louie1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry
|July 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabis use in adolescents is rising, with higher THC content and lower perceived risk. This impacts brain development, psychiatric symptoms, and daily functioning, with limited treatment options available.

Keywords:
Adolescencecannabidiol (CBD)cannabiscannabis use disorderdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)neurodevelopment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Adolescent Development

Background:

  • Cannabis use among adolescents is increasing, particularly with high-THC products.
  • Perceived risk associated with cannabis use has declined.
  • Adolescent brains are particularly vulnerable to the neurodevelopmental effects of cannabis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) content in cannabis products.
  • To examine neurobiological and psychiatric effects of cannabis on the adolescent brain.
  • To summarize impacts on youth functioning and available treatments for cannabis use disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent trends and research on cannabis use in youth.
  • Synthesis of findings on neurobiological correlates, psychiatric symptoms, and daily functioning.
  • Overview of current cannabinoid treatments and therapies for cannabis use disorder.

Main Results:

  • Increased THC content and availability correlate with rising youth use and declining risk perception.
  • Cannabis use is linked to increased risk of addiction, depression, and psychosis in adolescents.
  • Adolescent cannabis exposure impairs cognition, sleep, and driving, with limited FDA-approved treatments for associated psychiatric issues.

Conclusions:

  • Current understanding of cannabis effects on the developing brain and youth treatment options is limited.
  • Further research is needed on neurobiological impacts and objective measures of cannabis exposure in developing brains.
  • Behavioral therapies are the primary treatment for adolescent cannabis use disorder, with no approved pharmacotherapies.