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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
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Dynamic DNA Assemblies in Biomedical Applications.

Yaqin Hu1, Ying Wang1, Jianhua Yan2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|July 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic DNA assemblies (DDAs) mimic biological systems for applications like sensing and drug delivery. This review details their design principles, stimuli-responsive mechanisms, and biomedical uses, highlighting future directions.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologybiomedical applicationsdynamic DNA assemblies

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Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is utilized for complex structure construction in biological and biomedical fields.
  • Dynamic DNA assemblies (DDAs) simulate molecular motions and fluctuations in bionic systems.
  • DDAs exhibit potential in single molecule sensing, drug delivery, and molecular assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review fundamental principles and applications of DDAs.
  • To introduce assembly principles and computer-aided design software for DDAs.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in DDA research.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of DDA motional mechanisms into exogenous and endogenous stimuli-triggered responses.
  • Summary of recent progress in DDA fundamental principles and applications.
  • Introduction and comparison of computer-aided design software for DDAs.

Main Results:

  • DDAs can undergo structural transformations or predictable behaviors in response to stimuli.
  • Review covers DDA design, computer-aided software, and motional mechanisms.
  • Biomedical applications and special dynamic behaviors of DDAs are summarized.

Conclusions:

  • DDAs offer powerful functionalities for advanced biological and biomedical applications.
  • Understanding DDA mechanisms is crucial for further development.
  • Further research is needed to address current challenges and explore future directions.