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Microbial tropicalization driven by a strengthening western ocean boundary current.

Lauren F Messer1, Martin Ostrowski2,3, Martina A Doblin3

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The East Australian Current (EAC) transports tropical microbes to temperate waters, displacing native populations. This microbial shift impacts temperate ecosystems, altering carbon and chlorophyll levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbial ecology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate change impacts

Background:

  • Western boundary currents (WBCs) redistribute heat and nutrients globally.
  • Climate change is intensifying WBCs, leading to poleward range expansions of marine life.
  • Impacts of WBCs on temperate microbial communities remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of the East Australian Current (EAC) on microbial community structure and function in the Tasman Sea.
  • To identify specific microbial and functional traits transported by the EAC.
  • To assess the ecological consequences of EAC-driven microbial displacement in temperate waters.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of microbial assemblages with and without EAC influence.
  • Identification of microbial taxa (e.g., SAR11 clade, Prochlorococcus) and functional genes.
  • Assessment of changes in total carbon, chlorophyll a, and trophic structure (phytoplankton, copepods).

Main Results:

  • EAC transported tropical, oligotrophic (k-strategist) microbes, displacing temperate, copiotrophic (r-strategist) populations.
  • EAC assemblages showed Prochlorococcus enrichment, smaller genome sizes, and altered functional gene importance.
  • Temperate sites impacted by EAC experienced reduced carbon and chlorophyll a, with shifts to smaller phytoplankton and carnivorous copepods.

Conclusions:

  • Climate-driven intensification of WBCs, like the EAC, facilitates the spread of tropical microbes.
  • This microbial range expansion can significantly alter the trophic status of temperate marine ecosystems.
  • Understanding these shifts is crucial for predicting future ocean ecosystem responses to climate change.