Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

490
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
490
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

123
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
123
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

138
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
138
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

631
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
631
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.9K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.9K
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

146
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
146

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The interplay between selective attention and summary statistics.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2025
Same author

From symptom-based heterogeneity to mechanism-based profiling in youth ADHD: the promise of computational psychiatry.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2025
Same author

A Novel Approach-Avoidance Task to Study Decision Making Under Outcome Uncertainty.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

A selective sampling account of forming numerosity representations.

Psychological review·2025
Same author

Basal ganglia components have distinct computational roles in decision-making dynamics under conflict and uncertainty.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

Using diffusion models for symbolic numeracy tasks to examine aging effects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.4K

Effects of aging in a task-switch paradigm with the diffusion decision model.

Nadja R Ging-Jehli1, Roger Ratcliff1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Psychology and Aging
|July 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show greater age-related deficits in cognitive processes underlying task switching, particularly in preparatory control and resolving stimulus interference. This highlights the importance of analyzing cognitive components separately.

More Related Videos

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.9K
Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking
07:00

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Published on: April 30, 2020

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.4K
A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.9K
Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking
07:00

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Published on: April 30, 2020

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Aging research often focuses on reaction times for task-switch costs, potentially overlooking accuracy-based measures.
  • Previous studies have not fully explored age-related differences in the specific cognitive components of task switching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate aging effects on task-switch costs using degraded stimuli and the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM).
  • To differentiate age-related changes in cognitive processes contributing to switch costs, such as evidence accumulation and non-decision time.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a task-switch paradigm with degraded stimuli across three age groups: college students, 61-74 year olds, and 75-89 year olds.
  • Utilized the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM) to analyze switch costs by decomposing them into drift rate and non-decision time components.
  • Measured accuracy and mean reaction times (RTs) to assess performance differences between task-repeat and task-switch trials.

Main Results:

  • Older participants exhibited larger switch costs associated with non-decision time, suggesting deficits in preparatory cognitive processes.
  • Group differences in switch costs were observed in drift rate for trials with high stimulus interference, indicating less effective interference resolution in older adults.
  • Switch costs indexed by accuracy and RTs yielded different interpretations, underscoring the need for nuanced analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The Diffusion Decision Model (DDM) effectively elucidates age-related effects on distinct components of task-switch costs.
  • Degraded stimuli and model-based analyses are valuable for studying cognitive aging in task switching.
  • Findings reveal specific age-related cognitive deficits in preparation and interference control during task switching.