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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Food Technology

Background:

  • Global population growth presents challenges for scaling cereal production.
  • Wheat is a vital staple, providing essential calories and protein.
  • Vertical farming offers a potential solution for enhancing future wheat yields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential wheat grain yield in a multi-layer indoor vertical farming system.
  • To evaluate the environmental benefits of indoor wheat cultivation.
  • To explore the role of vertical farming in future food security.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivating wheat in a 10-layer indoor vertical facility.
  • Optimizing environmental conditions including temperature, artificial light, and CO2 levels.
  • Estimating maximum attainable harvest index and yield.

Main Results:

  • Yields ranged from 700 ± 40 t/ha (measured) to 1,940 ± 230 t/ha (estimated).
  • These yields are 220 to 600 times the current world average wheat yield.
  • Indoor farming requires less land, reuses water, and minimizes pesticide/herbicide use.

Conclusions:

  • Indoor vertical wheat farming can achieve significantly higher yields than conventional methods.
  • It offers environmental advantages such as reduced land and water use, and minimal chemical application.
  • While not yet economically competitive, it can enhance food system resilience against disruptions.