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Perspective: Pragmatic Exercise Recommendations for Older Adults: The Case for Emphasizing Resistance Training
Dallin Tavoian1, David W Russ1,2, Leslie A Consitt1,3,4
1Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.
Frontiers in Physiology
|July 29, 2020
Summary
Resistance exercise is the most effective standalone strategy for improving older adults health, offering significant benefits for muscle mass, strength, and chronic disease risk reduction. This approach should be prioritized in future health guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Most older adults do not meet exercise guidelines, often engaging in only one type of physical activity.
- Aging is characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass and strength, increasing disability risk.
- Older adults are susceptible to chronic diseases, necessitating interventions for healthy aging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To challenge the belief that aerobic and resistance exercise adaptations are independent.
- To explore crossover adaptations between aerobic and resistance exercise.
- To advocate for resistance exercise as a primary strategy for older adults' health.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on exercise adaptations in older adults.
- Analysis of crossover effects between aerobic and resistance training.
- Discussion of the impact of resistance exercise on age-related decline and chronic diseases.
Main Results:
- Aerobic exercise can enhance muscle mass and strength, but effects are inconsistent and may require specific overload.
- Resistance exercise effectively preserves muscle health in aging.
- Resistance exercise positively impacts cardiovascular disease risk factors, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and mortality.
Conclusions:
- Resistance exercise is a highly effective standalone strategy for improving overall health in older adults.
- The assumption of independent adaptations to aerobic and resistance exercise is challenged.
- Future guidelines should emphasize resistance exercise for older adults to maximize health benefits and independence.
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